Diagnosis and Treatment of Conidiobolomycosis: A Review of 75 Cases from the Indian Subcontinent
Published: March 1, 2019 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2019/40142.12701
Nitin Gupta, Manish Soneja
1. Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Correspondence
Dr. Manish Soneja,
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
E-mail: manishsoneja@gmail.com
Introduction: Conidiobolomycosis is a subcutaneous rhinofacialzygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus spp. Its epidemiology in the Indian subcontinent is not well understood.
Aim: The aim of this study was epidemiological characterisation of conidiobolomycosis in the Indian subcontinent.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a review of literature using the terms “conidiobolomycosis”, “conidiobolus”, “entomophthoramycosis” and “entomophthoromycosis” in the Pubmed database combined with the following: India and publication language (English).
Results: A total of 75 cases of conidiobolomycosis were reported from 12 states of India, between October 1966 and December 2017, who presented with centrofacial swelling (males-62, females-13). The mean age of presentation was 35 years. Majority of the patients were immunocompetent with only one patient being immunosuppressed (acute leukaemia). A total of 21 patients were diagnosed only on the basis of culture, while the rest of them were diagnosed either on histopathology alone (n=33) or a combination of histopathology and culture (n=21). Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) was the most common drug (alone or in combination) used for treatment. Except one mortality, which was unrelated to the disease, all patients (n=56) responded to therapy.
Conclusion: Conidiobolomycosis is reported from most parts of the country, primarily in immunocompetent males and has an excellent response to anti-fungals.
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